水下无人系统学报

Open Architecture: Trend of Torpedo and Unmanned

QIAN Dong, CUI Li

2007, 15(2): 001-7. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.1673-1948.2007.02.001

[Abstract](2618) [PDF 1230KB](1049)

Abstract:
An open architecture method for digital advanced signalprocessing homing head (DasHH) in the torpedo project is described. The relevant delivery rapid sonar COTS insertion (DeRSCI) and acoustic rapid COTS insertion (ARCI) in the open sonar system project are introduced briefly. And the issues of open architecture applied in torpedo and UUV design, including independency of platform, functional modularity, common software tools, independency of data set, application of component technology, the relation between modularity and integration, are discussed. It is pointed out that independent software and data are necessary, common software tools should be adopted within underwater weapon domain, functional modularity level should be designed properly to make balance between openness and management efficiency, focus of integration is information synthesis, and integration design shouldn′t affect the relative independency of key subsystem and functional components

Trend of Torpedo Development from Europe Undersea Defense Technology Conference and Exhibition

Lü Ru-xin

2007, 15(2): 008-11. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.1673-1948.2007.02.002

[Abstract](2771) [PDF 717KB](1073)

Abstract:
The current trend of torpedo development is summarized by analyzing the change in torpedo technologies showed on the undersea defense technology (UDT) conferences and exhibitions held in Europe in recent years. With regard to the ideas of torpedo development, a more practical approach is adopted by major western countries to ensure the reliable and effective torpedo weapons in real warfare scenarios, which includes serial development of torpedoes and gradual improvement of torpedo performances on the basis of costeffectiveness principle and the method of “build－test－build”. As for torpedo design, the major improvements are currently focused on the fields of guidance, propulsion, stealth, and littoral operations, etc. The reliability, supportability and low cost are also pursued in design. In guidance system, the standard common bus, integrated design and open architecture system with commercialoffthe shelf (COTS) electronics are usually utilized for easy extension, rapid upgrade of software and hardware, and improvement of tactical performance. The practical results show that those ideas meet the requirements and can achieve significant comprehensive performances with minimum cost.

Prospect of Application of Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization to the Design of Modern Torpedoes

HE Jie, LIU Jin, LI Chun-Yu

2007, 15(2): 012-14. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.1673-1948.2007.02.003

[Abstract](2552) [PDF 683KB](1040)

Abstract:
This paper introduces the current situation and development of multidisciplinary design and optimization(MDO)technology.It is pointed out that this technology is applicable to modern torpedo design by building up system optimization model suitable for torpedo,determining the optimization algorithm,optimizing design process,and establishing the multidisciplinary concurrent platform for torpedo overall design and optimization.Therefore,coordinated torpedo design among different systems and disciplines can be implemented to raise the overall design level.Moreover,this paper presents several optimization algorithms,such as single-stage optimization,concurrent subspace optimization and collaborative optimization.It also introduces some optimization design platforms including iSIGHT software,DAKOTA software,VisualDOC software,and ModelCenter software developed respectively by Engineous Software Company,Sandia National Laboratory,Vanderplaats Research & Development,Inc.,and Phoenix Integration Company.

Relation Among Conductivity Characteristic of Ship Wake, Seawater Temperature and Bubble Distribution

HU Bo, CHEN Bo-yi

2007, 15(2): 015-18. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.1673-1948.2007.02.004

[Abstract](2173) [PDF 506KB](1060)

Abstract:
Physical and mathematical models are established in order to analyze and calculate the influence of seawater temperature and bubble distribution on conductivity characteristic of ship wake. For the bubble wake with vertical temperature gradient, it is supposed that the bubbles are arbitrarily or uniformly distributed between the two poles of a probe that is used to detect the conductivity of the wake. The laws, on the basis of which the conductivity difference value δK between background seawater and wake is jointly influenced by seawater temperature, bubble radius, bubble density and bubble distribution mode, are obtained. The results show that δK will rise with increasing seawater temperature or bubble radius or bubble density no matter what bubble distribution is when seawater temperature ranges from 10 to 16 ℃, bubble radius is less than 100 μm and bubble density varies from 2.16×10⁸to 6.4×10¹⁰/m³. Under given seawater temperature, bubble radius and bubble density, the δKs respectively corresponding to arbitrary bubble distribution and uniform bubble distribution are far different, the latter is about 2.6 times of the former.

Guidance Trajectory Analysis and Calculation for Active Acoustic Wake Homing Torpedo

DONG Chun-Peng, SHI Xiao-Long

2007, 15(2): 019-23. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.1673-1948.2007.02.005

[Abstract](2565) [PDF 683KB](1158)

Abstract:
The optimization of guidance trajectory for active acoustic wake homing torpedo is a key technology to reduce endurance loss and increase hit probability. This paper researches the guidance method of triple beams wake homing and analyzes the purpose of trajectory design, the mode of course adjustment, and the method for determining key parameters during three phases of torpedo trajectory of first wake entry, first wake exit and wake reentry. It also proposes the parameters and their formulae to describe the effect of trajectory optimization. The calculated results show that the proposed method can ensure less endurance loss and track accurately target.The method is expected to be used for the trajectory optimization design of active acoustic wake homing torpedo.

Restraint Method of Background Interference for Detection of Light Wakes

LIU Ji-fang, LEI Wei-ning, JI Bang-jie

2007, 15(2): 024-27. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.1673-1948.2007.02.006

[Abstract](1785) [PDF 708KB](929)

Abstract:
A restraint method of background interference for detection of light wakes is presented according to the source and characteristics of background interference. The theoretical and experimental investigations show that the valid ways to restrain the background interference are as follows: to set up a narrowband optical spectrum filter on a photoelectric detector with its narrowband spectrum width just covering the radiation spectrum of illuminating laser; to apply the forward scattering measurement to effectually restrain the scattering interference of water molecules and suspended solid particles; and to measure the scattered light′s spatial spectrum intensity distribution of air bubbles in water in order to characterize the air bubbles′spatial distribution by the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the measured light distribution via Gaussian fitting and thus to detect ship wake, which can moreover restrain the interference of sunlight whose spectrum is coincidence with that of laser radiation. The result could be applied to detection of light wakes.

Allan Variance Analysis of Fiber-optic Gyroscope Zero-drift Signal

LI Zhan, JI Bang-jie, GUO Lin-na, WANG Hai-lu, YAN You-rong

2007, 15(2): 028-30. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.1673-1948.2007.02.007

[Abstract](2444) [PDF 451KB](1096)

Abstract:
The equipment and environment of fiber-optic gyroscope (FOG) zero-drift experiment are introduced. The hardware and software of the equipment are designed to collect the signal of FOG. Based on Allan variance theory, the zero-drift signal is quantitatively analyzed to get five coefficients of error source, including angle random walk，bias instability，rate random walk, rate ramp and quantized noise, among which the angle random walk and bias instability coefficients exert main influences on FOG. The results are expected to become a theoretical basis for error compensation of FOG.

Criterion of Upper Limit Selection in Weighting Vector Norm Restriction for Optimizing Beampattern of Arbitrary Geometry Arrays

XIA Yong-wei, YANG Yi-xin, SUN Chao

2007, 15(2): 031-33. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.1673-1948.2007.02.008

[Abstract](1719) [PDF 442KB](932)

Abstract:
The selection criterion for the upper limit of weighting vector norm is studied while using second-order programming to optimize beampattern for arbitrary sensor arrays.Based on the sensitivity analysis of beampattern, the close form formula for sidelobe distortion of beampattern is deduced as a function of array error, weighting vector error and weighting vector norm. Using this sidelobe distortion formula, a criterion is proposed to select the upper limit of weighting vector norm restriction with required robustness. The effectiveness of the proposed criterion is verified via computer simulation.

Theoretical Study on Broadband Underwater Transducer with Double Resonant Mode

ZHANG Wen-bo, WANG Ming-zhou, HAO Bao-an

2007, 15(2): 034-37. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.1673-1948.2007.02.009

[Abstract](2401) [PDF 596KB](997)

Abstract:
A method that can broaden the band of the underwater transducer is theoretically discussed. The factors that affect the band of transducer are analyzed. The simulations by using finite element method (FEM) show that the response band of transmitting voltage can be improved effectively by changing material and size of the middle mass or back mass. The comparison of the results of FEM and the traditional one dimensional equivalent circuit method demonstrates that the latter method can also be used to design this type of transducer. Some laws in designing this type of broadband transducer summarized.

Acoustics Property of Mobile Acoustic Decoy

HE Xin-yi, XIAO Chang-mei, ZHANG Chi

2007, 15(2): 038-41. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.1673-1948.2007.02.010

[Abstract](2365) [PDF 635KB](1035)

Abstract:
According to the acoustic simulation mechanism of mobile acoustic decoy, this paper establishes a simulation model of the radiated noise property of mobile acoustic decoy and a simulation model of sound reflection. It analyzes three differences of acoustic characteristics between mobile acoustic decoy and submarine: 1) directivity difference, i.e. the directivity of radiated noise of submarine borders on isotropy while the directivity of the simulated radiated noise of decoy lies on the emissive directivity of transmitting transducer; 2) target strength difference, i.e. the target strength of submarine changes following the incident angle of sound wave, while the simulated target strength of decoy lies on the emissive directivity of transmitting transducer; 3) dimension difference, i.e. the dimensional characteristic of decoy differs from that of submarine. It is suggested to make use of the directivity difference between simulated radiated noise of decoy and radiated noise of submarine and the difference between dimensional characteristics of decoy and submarine to counter against mobile acoustic decoy.

Development and Application of Multi-instrument Testing System and Serial Communication Driver

ZHAO Wei, YI Hong, WANG Hong-Wei

2007, 15(2): 042-44. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.1673-1948.2007.02.011

[Abstract](1743) [PDF 482KB](889)

Abstract:
In order to conduct the communication between multi-instrument and computer in program,this paper introduces a multiinstrument testing system and the method of instrument setting.The development and application of the serial communication driver is expatiated on with an example. An interface in multi-instrument testing is provided. The result of application indicates that the testing system is simple,reliable and easy to expand.The driver that utilizes dynamic link libraries(DLL) technology shortens the period of software development and enhances the software reliability.

Experimental Study on the Fiber Grating Hydrophone Towing Array via Dynamical Towing in the Lake

HUANG Jun-bin, GU Hong-can, TAN Bo, LI Ri-zhong, GAO Xuan, ZHOU Zu-de

2007, 15(2): 045-47. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.1673-1948.2007.02.012

[Abstract](1906) [PDF 512KB](902)

Abstract:
For the purpose of evaluating the acoustic characteristics of the fiber grating hydrophone towing array as well as its capability of eliminating the effects of acceleration and flow noise, a prototype of the array is developed. The configuration of the prototype is demonstrated. Subsequently, the experimental system is introduced, and the experimental methods and results are discussed. Finally, the experimental data is analyzed. It is shown that in the condition of dynamical operation the fiber grating hydrophone towing array with very small fiber cable diameter can detect single frequency signals whose signal to noise ratio(SNR) is about 40 dB, which implies a bright prospect for the arrays to be applied in such small carriers as torpedo.

Introduction to the New Standard for Tensile Testing Method of Metallic Materials

MENG Jia-yan

2007, 15(2): 048-51. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.1673-1948.2007.02.013

[Abstract](1792) [PDF 674KB](1008)

Abstract:
For the actuality that the new standard “GB/T 228-2002 Tensile Testing Method of Metallic Materials at Ambient Temperature” has not been adequately carried out, this paper gives a brief introduction to the new standard based on engineering requirements, including basic content of the new standard, and the names, symbols, glossaries and basic meanings of mechanical properties in both old and new standards, lists a useful comparison table of names and symbols of mechanical properties in both old and new standards, and presents a criterion for replacing the old names and symbols with new ones.

Comprehensive Fuzzy Evaluation of Torpedo Operational Effectiveness

HU Fang, HUANG Jian-guo, DONG ZHong-chen

2007, 15(2): 052-56. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.1673-1948.2007.02.014

[Abstract](5426) [PDF 637KB](1146)

Abstract:
The total operational effectiveness of torpedo is an entire reflection of torpedo technologies and an important criterion for decision in process of torpedo development and operation. Based on the analysis of torpedo′s basic task and operational process, the performance evaluation is divided into six capabilities, including maneuver, detection, tracking,countercountermeasure, re-searching and lethality, and an evaluation indexes system of torpedo operational effectiveness is established. Making use of fuzzy theory, a comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method with step-by-step layers structure is presented to evaluate torpedo operational effectiveness. The feasibility and availability of the method is proved by several torpedo effectiveness evaluations. The application results show that the evaluation method is useful for the decisions on demonstration, development, operation，and improvement of torpedo.

Discussion About Torpedo Materiel System Materiel Readiness

CHEN Li-qiang, YANG Ce

2007, 15(2): 057-59. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.1673-1948.2007.02.015

[Abstract](2201) [PDF 447KB](1135)

Abstract:
Materiel readiness（MR） is thought to be an important sign of actual operational capability, which integrates the requirements for reliability, maintainability and supportability of materiel system. This paper discusses the concepts of materiel readiness, operational availability and mission effectiveness of torpedo materiel system and their mutual relation in order to overcome the problems in the evaluation of mission effectiveness of torpedo materiel system. The operational availability is suggested as the main index for evaluating torpedo materiel system, and an evaluation model of operational availability is also established to provide a reference for analyzing and evaluating torpedo materiel system.

2007 Vol. 15, No. 2

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