Biomimetic Seal Whisker Sensors for Underwater Flow Field Sensing Technologies: A Review

WAN Xing-fu; ZHOU Xin-yue; WANG Si-yuan; WU Meng-Wei; XU Peng; XU Minyi

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0102

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WAN Xing-fu, ZHOU Xin-yue, WANG Si-yuan, WU Meng-Wei, XU Peng, XU Minyi. Biomimetic Seal Whisker Sensors for Underwater Flow Field Sensing Technologies: A Review[J]. Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0102

Citation:

WAN Xing-fu, ZHOU Xin-yue, WANG Si-yuan, WU Meng-Wei, XU Peng, XU Minyi. Biomimetic Seal Whisker Sensors for Underwater Flow Field Sensing Technologies: A Review[J]. Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0102

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Biomimetic Seal Whisker Sensors for Underwater Flow Field Sensing Technologies: A Review

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2025-0102

1.
Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Selfpowered Systems, Dalian 116026, China
2.
Engineering College, Peking University, Beijing 100000, China

Received Date: 2025-11-19
Rev Recd Date: 2025-09-01

Available Online: 2025-10-09

Abstract

Abstract

High-precision underwater flow field sensing is vital for marine resource exploration, autonomous undersea vehicle (AUV) operations, and national defense. However, under low visibility and complex disturbances, conventional optical and acoustic methods face severe limitations in performance and adaptability. Inspired by seal whiskers—whose undulated geometry suppresses vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) and enhances signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), while the follicle-sinus complex (FSC) enables sensitive detection of subtle hydrodynamic cues—biomimetic whisker sensors have emerged as a promising solution to current bottlenecks. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in this field, covering the biological sensing principles of seal whiskers, as well as the design strategies, material choices, and performance optimization of biomimetic sensors based on optical, resistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric mechanisms. Representative applications on fixed and mobile platforms are discussed, followed by an overview of challenges in stability, miniaturization, and signal processing. This work aims to provide a comprehensive reference for advancing biomimetic flow sensing technologies in both theory and engineering practice.
- Underwater flow sensing,
- Seal whiskers,
- Biomimetic sensing technology,
- Fixed platforms,
- Mobile platforms

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References(84)

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