Coupling Effect of Environmental Stress and Working Stress for Torpedo

The coupling effect of environmental stress and working stress directly affects the reliability, working life, and operational effectiveness of torpedo equipment. The research on the coupling effect for torpedoes is still in its infancy, and no systematic research has been conducted on the failure mode and influence resulting from the coupling effect. Accordingly, this study considered typical failure cases by analyzing historical data. The failure modes of key parts of the torpedo under the coupling of environmental stress and working stress, including the spring, fastener, welded part, shaft part, bearing, gear, rotor blade, hydraulic system, and polymer material, were systematically summarized. The failure modes include loosening fracture, seal failure, corrosion, and mechanical deformation. We also explored the effects of these failure modes on the torpedo. The results show that the torpedo is subjected to the simultaneous coupling of environmental stress and working stress. Environmental stress, as an external stress, has a certain effect on the components of the torpedo, causing defects or weak parts of the components to deteriorate further, whereas working stress further deepens the cracks, wear, and aging of defects and weak links, ultimately leading to failure or malfunction.