海上异构无人集群协同运用发展概况及启示

孙海文; 王溪野; 王兆辰; 孟祥尧; 陈婷; 靳子荣

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2024-0032

海上异构无人集群协同运用发展概况及启示

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2024-0032

1.
海军研究院, 北京, 102442
2.
91286部队, 山东青岛, 266000
3.
海军工程大学, 湖北武汉, 266003

详细信息

作者简介:
孙海文(1990-), 男, 博士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为无人系统、人工智能

中图分类号: TJ630
计量
- 文章访问数: 9
- HTML全文浏览量: 1
- PDF下载量: 4
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-26
- 修回日期: 2024-03-18
- 录用日期: 2024-03-27
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-09

Development Overview and Inspiration of Collaborative Application of Heterogeneous Unmanned Clusters at Sea

1.
The Naval Research Institute, Beijing, 102442, China
2.
Unit 91286th, the Liberation Army of China, Qingdao 266000, China
3.
The Naval Engineering University, Wuhan, 266003

摘要

摘要: 无人系统集群凭借其协调度高、完全自主、群体智能等显著特点, 可直接影响并改变海上作战样式, 世界各海洋强国竞相开展异构无人装备协同运用研究, 文中重点分析当前世界海上异构无人集群协同运用发展现状及典型作战运用案例, 分析总结其特点, 最后提出未来海上异构无人集群协同运用发展的启示建议。
- 跨域异构 /
- 无人集群 /
- 协同运用
Abstract: Unmanned system clusters, with their significant characteristics such as high coordination, complete autonomy, and collective intelligence, can directly affect and change the style of maritime operations. Various maritime powers around the world are competing to conduct research on the collaborative application of heterogeneous unmanned equipment. This article focuses on analyzing the current development status and typical combat application cases of the collaborative application of heterogeneous unmanned clusters in the world's oceans. Based on this, Analyze and summarize the operational styles and characteristics of collaborative use of heterogeneous unmanned clusters at sea, and finally propose inspiration and suggestions for the future development of collaborative use of heterogeneous unmanned clusters at sea.
- cross domain heterogeneity /
- unmanned clustering /
- collaborative application

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图 1 美军无人跨域协同发展历程

Figure 1. The development process of unmanned cross domain collaboration in the US army

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图 2 USV与UUV之间声呐图像传输概念图

Figure 2. Conceptual diagram of sonar image transmission between USV and UUV

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图 3 美军跨域无人系统协同反潜

Figure 3. Collaborative antisubmarine operations of US cross domain unmanned systems

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图 4 乌军隐蔽型半潜式USV

Figure 4. Ukrainian army concealed semi-submersible unmanned surface vehicle

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图 5 乌军“旗手”UAV

Figure 5. Ukrainian Army's "Flagbearer" unmanned aerial vehicle

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图 6 海上跨域协同运用

Figure 6. Cross domain collaborative application at sea

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表 1 国外跨域异构集群试验

Table 1. Cluster trial of foreign cross domain heterogeneous

国别	时间	验证内容	平台类型及数量
美国	2016	UAV由核潜艇投放, 作为核潜艇、UUV与有人水面舰间的通信中继	“黑翼”UAV核潜艇、UUV、有人水面舰各1架(艘)
美国	2016	开展全新的跨域异构无人系统协同作战控制架构验证	1艘UUV、2艘“波浪滑翔者”USV、1架有人直升机
英国	2016	开展自主控制、发展和认知统, 实现单一系统对多个UAV、USV和UUV的指挥控制	25种无人系统(UAV、USV和UUV)
美国	2017	UUV与USV的跨域协同通信	USV和USV各1艘
法国	2017	利用Drones任务系统实现了3中无人系统的协同探测、识别、拦截敌方小型舰艇	IT180小型旋翼UAV、REMORINA USV和UUV
美国	2017	开发了ACER系统, 实现了单一系统对多个UAV、USV和UUV的指挥控制	“普罗特斯”大型UUV, REMUS 100、IVER UUV各1艘、“激流”UUV、“波浪滑翔者”USV各2艘, 以及1架UAV
美国	2018	验证未来可能应用的“人机交互”作战模式, 重点验证了多无人平台跨域协同执行反水雷任务	15种无人系统(UAV、USV和UUV)
美国	2018	利用跨域无人系统进行反水雷作战	2艘UUV、1艘USV、1架UAV
美国	2019	USV、UUV, 有人水面舰和核潜艇实现跨域协同通信、信息传输	“金枪鱼-19”UUV, USV, 水面有人舰和核潜艇各1艘
美国	2019	协同探测和识别水雷目标, 并用UUV清理	“梭鱼”UUV、USV各1艘
美国	2022	指挥控制UAV、USV以及UUV, 完成海上预警探测、目标指示与引导攻击、跨域有人无人协同行动等行动任务	“海上猎手”USV, “海鹰” USV, MQ-8B UAV, MQ-9UAV, 3吨级UUV, “伯克”级驱逐舰
美国	2023	评估无人系统在水面、水下和空中跨域异构网络通信、协同态势感知等作战能力	“海上猎手”USV, “海鹰” USV, MQ-9B UAV, RQ-20 UAV, 3吨级UUV

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表 2 跨域无人集群类型划分表

Table 2. Type classification of cross-domain unmanned cluster

类型	自主能力	指挥模式	协作关系	通信方式
Ⅰ	无自主	无	时空协同	群间无通信
Ⅱ	半自主	人在回路上	编组协同	地面站/卫星/群间通信
Ⅲ	全自主	人在回路外	任务协同	去中心化链路通信

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