Research on numerical calculation of vehicle water exit under different sailing conditions
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摘要: 航行器出水过程极其复杂, 伴随着多相流、空化、相变、湍流不稳定性, 其所受作用力呈现强的非定常、非线性。国内外对于航行器带空泡出水问题的研究, 多为航行器垂直或者倾斜出水, 关注点往往在于航行器运动轨迹及姿态, 超空泡航行器出水过程研究较少, 本文基于STAR-CCM+软件, 采用重叠网格技术进行网格划分, 使用VOF模型捕捉气液交界面, Schnerr-Sauer模型描述航行器周围的空化过程, 建立了航行器出水过程的数值计算模型。对航行器在不同航行条件(初始速度、初始水深、通气量)下的出水过程进行仿真计算, 得到了不同工况下的流场和空泡演化规律, 分析了超空泡航行器的流体动力特性与运动特性。仿真结果表明, 不同初始运动速度的航行器其水下运动呈现出2种不同的模式。不同水深下, 初始空化数不同, 在较深的水域航行器周围空泡更容易破裂; 加大通气量可以有效地改善空泡形态。Abstract: Vehicle exiting-water process is very complicated, accompanied by multiphase flow, cavitation, phase transition and turbulence instability, and the applied force is highly unsteady and nonlinear. Mostly, studies of vehicle exiting-water with cavitation focus on the vertical or oblique exiting-water internationally, and is focus on the trajectory and attitude of the vehicle.There are few studies on the exiting-water process of the supercavitation vehicle. In this paper, based on STAR-CCM+ software, overlapping grid technology is used to for meshing, VOF model is used to capture the gas-liquid interface, Schnerr-Sauer model describes the cavitation process around the vehicle, and a numerical calculation model of the exiting-water process is established. The flow field and cavitation evolution laws under different conditions that includes initial velocity, initial water depth and ventilate mass flow are obtained, and the hydrodynamic and kinematic characteristics of the supercavitating vehicle are analyzed. The simulation results show that the underwater motion of the vehicle with different initial motion velocity presents two different modes. Under different water depths, the initial cavitation number is different. Cavitation around the vehicle is more likely to rupture in deeper waters. The cavitation morphology can be improved effectively by increasing the ventilation flow rate.
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Key words:
- vehicles /
- water exit /
- overlapping grid /
- cavity form
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图 2 不同空化数情况下航行器表面压力系数的数值模拟结果与实验结果对比
Figure 2. Curve of Numerical simulation results and experimental results of the surface pressure coefficient of the vehicle under different cavitation numbers
图 4 不同网格数量下的航行器轴向阻力随时间变化曲线图
Figure 4. Curve of axial resistance of the vehicle varies with time under different mesh numbers
图 5 不同网格数量下的航行器轴向速度随时间变化曲线图
Figure 5. Curve of the axial velocity of the vehicle over time with different number of grids
图 6 不同网格数量下的航行器弹道变化曲线图
Figure 6. Trajectory curve of vehicle with different number of grids
图 7 航行器模型尺寸示意图(单位: mm)
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the size of the vehicle model (unit: mm)
图 9 航行器区域边界条件示意图
Figure 9. Schematic diagram of the boundary conditions of the vehicle region
图 10 不同初速度下航行器质心出水时刻液相图
Figure 10. Liquid phase diagram at different initial velocities
图 11 不同初始速度下航行器在典型时刻空泡图
Figure 11. Cavitation diagram of projectile body at typical time under different initial velocities
图 12 不同初始速度下典型时刻航行器表面压力系数
Figure 12. Surface pressure coefficient of projectile at typical time at different initial velocities
图 13 不同初始水深下航行器质心出水时刻液相图
Figure 13. Liquid phase diagram at different initial water depths
图 14 不同初始水深下航行器在典型时刻空泡图
Figure 14. Cavitation diagram of vehicley at typical time under different initial water depths
图 15 不同初始水深下典型时刻航行器表面压力系数
Figure 15. Surface pressure coefficient of vehicle at typical time under different initial water depth
图 16 不同通气量下航行器质心出水时刻液相图
Figure 16. Liquid phase diagram of vehicle centroid outlet time under different ventilation flow
图 17 不同通气量下航行器在典型时刻的空泡图
Figure 17. Cavitation diagram of vehicle at typical time under different ventilation flow
图 18 不同通气量下典型时刻航行器表面压力系数图
Figure 18. Surface pressure coefficient diagram of projectile at typical time under different ventilation flow
表 1 经验公式结果与仿真结果对比
Table 1. Comparison table between empirical formula results and simulation results
经验公式 仿真结果 误差(%) 最大空泡半径(m) 0.086 735 0.083 226 4.01 最大空泡长度(m) 2.17 2.27 773 4.73 
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表 2 不同初始速度工况表
Table 2. Table of different initial velocities conditions
工况标记 初始速度v(m/s) 通气量qM(kg/s) 空化器角度(°) 初始深度h(m) #1 90 0.1 10 3 #2 100 #3 110 #4 120
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表 3 不同水深计算工况表
Table 3. Table of different water depth calculation working conditions
工况标记 初始水深h(m) 通气量qM(kg/s) 初始速度v(m/s) 空化器倾角(°) #1 3 0.1 100 10 #2 4 #3 5 #4 6
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表 4 不同通气量计算工况表
Table 4. Table of different ventilation flow calculation working conditions
工况标记 通气量qM(kg/s) 初始速度v(m/s) 空化器角度(°) 初始深度h(m) #1 0.09 100 10 3 #2 0.10 #3 0.11 #4 0.12
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