Numerical Simulation Study of Underwater Scarfed Nozzle Gas Jet Affected by Water Depth Conditions
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摘要: 通过斜切喷管喷气进行推力矢量控制, 可以实现对航行器的姿态控制和轨迹调整, 提高其机动性能和稳定性。为探究斜切喷管在水下的工作状态, 基于雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方法和流体体积函数模型, 对不同水深条件下的斜切式喷管燃气射流的流场特性及推力特性开展仿真研究, 分析了燃气射流与水介质的相互作用过程以及喷管推力特性的变化。研究表明: 燃气泡经过4个阶段的发展之后, 形成顶部的气囊及喷口近场的锥形气体通道, 气囊边缘在剪切涡作用下脱离形成气团; 喷口波系的形态和位置随水深而变化, 射流边界受限于燃气泡边界, 二者相互作用, 导致射流后续演化的不稳定; 射流对平板壁面的影响呈非对称性, 长边侧受影响域大于短边侧; 同一时刻, 水深越大, 喷管推力数值越小, 推力方向波动越剧烈。研究结论可为推进水下推力矢量喷管的应用提供参考。Abstract: Thrust vector control by scarfed nozzle jet can realize attitude control and trajectory adjustment of the underwater vehicle and improve the maneuvering performance and stability of the underwater vehicle. In order to investigate the working state of the scarfed nozzle underwater, based on the Reynolds time-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method and the volume of fluid (VOF) model, the study of the flow field characteristics and thrust characteristics of the gas jet of the scarfed nozzle under different water depth conditions is carried out, and the interaction process between the gas jet and the water as well as the change of the thrust characteristics of the nozzle are analyzed. It is shown that the gas bubble forms a gas pocket at the top and a conical gas channel in the near field of the nozzle after four stages of development. The edges of the gas pocket detach under the action of shear vortex to form a gas cluster. The shape and position of the nozzle wave system varies with the water depth, and the jet boundary is limited by the gas bubble boundary, which interact with each other, leading to the instability of the evolution of the jet. The effect of the jet on the wall of the flat plate is asymmetric, with the long-side being affected by a larger domain than the short-side. At the same moment, the greater the water depth, the smaller the value of the nozzle thrust and the more violent the fluctuation of the thrust direction. The conclusions drawn from the study can provide reference for the application of underwater thrust vector control system.
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图 3 不同网格量下监测点压力变化
Figure 3. Pressure changes at monitoring points with different grid volumes
图 4 不同水深条件下气液边界及射流形态演化
Figure 4. Evolution of gas-liquid boundary and jet morphology under different water depth conditions
图 6 不同水深条件下喷管局部马赫数云图
Figure 6. contours of local Mach number of nozzles under different water depth conditions
图 7 斜切喷管水下工作轴线参数分布曲线
Figure 7. Parameter distribution curves of underwater working axis of scarfed nozzle
图 9 t=100 ms时底部壁面中线压力和温度曲线
Figure 9. Pressure and temperature curves at the midline of the bottom wall at t=100 ms
表 1 不同水深条件下喷管落压比
Table 1. Nozzle pressure ratios of nozzles in different water depths
H/m NPR 5 40.6667 25 17.4286 50 10.1667 75 7.1765 100 5.5454 
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表 2 推力角度波动
Table 2. Fluctuations in thrust angle
H/m 波动范围/(°) 稳定值(0.05 s) /(°) 角度差值/(°) 5 29.03~44.60 43.22 1.78 25 30.10~43.42 43.19 1.81 50 29.47~43.17 43.05 1.95 75 29.79~43.01 42.79 2.21 100 24.70~42.54 42.49 2.51
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