Comparative study on the high-speed water entry movement process of revolving bodies with different head shapes
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摘要: 跨介质回转体武器在对水下目标发动攻击时, 都要经历一个从空中弹道转变为水下弹道的跨介质入水过程, 这是一个时间极短的瞬态流动过程, 涉及到运动物体与气相和液相的复杂多相流动。文中基于雷诺时均方程, 并考虑自然空化现象的多相流模型, 建立了入水空泡动力学数值模型, 并研究了回转体垂直入水过程运动特性和流体动力的影响规律。通过数值仿真结果与文献中试验结果对比, 验证了模型和数值方法的有效性。结果表明, 不同头型回转体入水后的空泡特征与运动速度规律有很大的差异, 同时可知其相应瞬态阻力系数也表现出很大差异; 在空泡闭合前, 体现出明显的回射流效应, 并影响空泡形态与回转体阻力的变化; 回转体的入水速度对空泡尺寸和冲击载荷具有非常直接的影响, 入水速度较低时回转体速度衰减相对更快, 阻力系数相对更大。Abstract: For the high-speed vehicles moving from air to water, it involves multiphase flow of vapor, gas and liquid in a very short time. In this paper, numerical simulations are performed for understanding the vertical water entry process. In the numerical simulation, Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations is solved to consider the influence of turbulence. Eulerian multiphase flow with cavitation is included for the moving body implemented by dynamical mesh. The numerical results are validated by the existing experimental results. The results show that the cavitation characteristics and the speed of different head-shaped aircraft after entering the water have a great influence. At the same time, it can be observed that the corresponding transient drag coefficients also show great differences. The back-jet effect is already evident before the cavity is closed, and affects the cavity shape and motion of the revolving body. The water entry speed of the revolving body has a very direct impact on the cavitation size and impact load. When the speed of entering the water is low, the speed of the object decays relatively faster, and its instantaneous drag coefficient is relatively larger.
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Key words:
- Revolving body /
- Water entry /
- Cavitation /
- Numerical simulation
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图 1 不同网格无量纲航行速度对比曲线
Figure 1. Comparison of dimensionless speed of vehicle by using different grids
图 3 回转体以80 m/s入水速度入水时不同时刻水相体积分数云图
Figure 3. Diagrams of water phase volume fraction at different times when the revolving body enters the water at an initial velocity of 80 m/s
图 4 不同入水速度下平头型回转体入水空泡头部横截面流场径向压力和水相径向速度分布图
Figure 4. Radial pressure distribution diagram of the cross-sectional flow field at the head of a flat-head revolving body entering water under different initial water entry velocitie
图 5 不同入水速度下球头型回转体入水空泡头部横截面流场径向压力和水相径向速度分布图
Figure 5. Radial pressure distribution diagram of the cross-sectional flow field at the water entry head of a spherical head revolving body under different initial water entry speed and Velocity distribution diagram
图 6 不同入水速度下60°锥型回转体入水空泡头部横截面流场径向压力和水相径向速度分布图
Figure 6. Radial pressure distribution diagram of the cross-sectional flow field at the head of a 60° conical revolving body entering water under different initial water entry velocities and Radial velocity distribution diagram
图 7 不同入水速度下平头型回转体入水空泡尾部横截面流场径向压力和水相径向速度分布图
Figure 7. Radial pressure distribution diagram of the cross-sectional flow field at the tail of the cavity tail of a flat-head revolving body entering water under different initial velocities of water entry and Radial velocity distribution diagram
图 8 不同入水速度下球头型回转体入水空泡尾部横截面流场的径向压力和水相径向速度分布图
Figure 8. Radial pressure distribution diagram of the cross-sectional flow field at the end of the cavity of a spherical head revolving body entering water under different initial water entry velocities and Radial velocity distribution diagram
图 9 不同入水速度下60°锥型回转体入水空泡尾部横截面流场的径向压力和水相径向速度分布图
Figure 9. Radial pressure distribution diagram of the cross-sectional flow field at the end of the cavity of a 60° conical revolving body entering water under different initial velocities of water entry and Radial velocity distribution diagram
图 10 不同头型回转体在不同入水速度下形成的空泡在不同深度时的最大半径变化曲线
Figure 10. The maximum radius of the cavity formed by different head shapes at different initial velocities when entering the water at different depths
图 11 不同头型回转体在不同入水速度下形成空泡在不同深度时的长度变化曲线
Figure 11. The length of the cavity formed by different head shapes at different initial velocities when entering the water at different depths
图 12 不同头型回转体在不同入水速度下无量纲速度随时间变化曲线
Figure 12. Dimensionless velocity-time diagram of revolving bodies with different head shapes at different initial velocities when entering water
图 13 不同头型回转体在运动末期的无量纲速度对比曲线
Figure 13. Dimensionless speed of revolving bodies with different head shapes at the end of motion
图 14 不同头型的回转体在不同入水速度下阻力系数随时间变化曲线
Figure 14. Drag coefficient-time diagram of revolving bodies with different head shapes at different initial water entry velocities
图 15 不同头型回转体在不同时刻瞬时阻力系数对比曲线
Figure 15. Instantaneous drag coefficient diagram of revolving bodies with different head shapes at different times
图 16 不同头型回转体在不同入水速度下过载随时间变化曲线
Figure 16. Overload-time diagram of revolving bodies with different head shapes at different initial water entry velocitie
图 17 不同头型回转体在不同时刻的过载曲线对比
Figure 17. Overload of revolving bodies with different head shapes at different times
图 18 不同头型回转体在不同入水速度下压强随时间变化曲线
Figure 18. The maximum pressure-time diagram of revolving bodies with different head shapes under different initial speeds of entering the water
图 19 不同头型回转体在不同时刻承受压强变化曲线
Figure 19. The maximum pressure experienced by rotating bodies with different head shapes at different times
表 1 网格与时间步设置及最终速度误差
Table 1. Setup of grid number and time step, and its error
网格 网格数 内层网格
尺寸/mm时间步长
/10−7s误差
/%1 66万 0.05 1.18 0.20 2 46万 0.07 1.65 1.00 3 32万 0.10 2.36 4.00 4 22万 0.14 3.30 8.50 5 15万 0.20 4.72 13.80 
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