Robust beamforming technology for small platform conformal array based on covariance matrix fitting
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摘要: 针对水下无人航行器等小尺度平台机动且阵列孔径有限条件下的稳健探测需求, 依据应用于小平台U形共形平面阵设计多种波束形成算法。分析快拍数、输入信噪比、导向向量误差等对波束形成方法稳健性的影响。虽然最小方差无畸变波束形成方法具有高阵增益的优点, 但其在存在基阵导向向量误差和协方差矩阵估计误差的条件下性能下降较为严重, 因此在此基础上提出了协方差矩阵拟合波束形成方法和双约束稳健最小方差无畸变响应波束形成方法, 并通过数值仿真分析与其他多种波束形成方法对比验证稳健波束形成方法应用于水下小平台共形阵的稳健性。最后在考虑阵元位置误差时通过消声水池实验对多种波束形成方法的实际性能进行进一步对比验证。Abstract: To address the challenges of detection on small-scale platforms like unmanned undersea vehicles(UUV), which are characterized by their maneuverability and the constraints of limited array apertures, we design various beamforming algorithms leverage U-shaped conformal planar arrays specifically tailored for compact platforms. This study evaluates the impact of factors such as snapshot rate, input signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), and inaccuracies in the steering vector on the robustness of these beamforming techniques. While the Minimum Variance Distortionless Response(MVDR) method is noted for its superior array gain, its performance significantly deteriorates in the presence of steering vector errors and inaccuracies in the covariance matrix estimation. To mitigate these issues, this paper introduces the covariance matrix fitting and the dual-constraint covariance matrix fitting beamforming approaches, enhancing the original method's robustness. The efficacy of the algorithm of this paper is validated through numerical simulations by comparing it with various beamforming techniques, thereby assessing their robustness in conformal arrays used on underwater small-scale platforms. Additionally, the reliability of these methods is further corroborated through experimental in an anechoic pool, taking into account the positional inaccuracies of the array elements.
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图 6 不同快拍数下的各波束形成器稳健性比较
Figure 6. Comparison of the robustness of each beamformer at different snapshot counts
图 7 不同输入信噪比下的各波束形成器稳健性比较
Figure 7. Comparison of the robustness of each beamformer at different input signal-to-noise ratios
图 8 存在导向向量失配的指向性
Figure 8. Directivity diagram of the mismatch of the steering vectors
图 10 不同导向向量误差下的各波束形成器稳健性比较
Figure 10. Comparison of the robustness of each beamformer under different guidance vector errors
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