Application Status and Development Trend of Battery for Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicles
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摘要: 潜艇具有极强的作战能力和威慑力量, 在战争中具有不可替代的作用, 受到了各国的高度重视。但潜艇的作战特点也决定了其一旦发生事故, 救援难度会非常大。在各型援潜救生装备中, 深潜救生艇(DSRV)具有操作灵活、救援人数多等优点, 是一种非常高效的援潜救生技术, 因此, 各国海军研制了多型DSRV用于潜艇的失事救援。DSRV在水下主要依靠电池提供能源, 电池的性能也在一定程度上决定了DSRV的性能。文中主要对全球各型DSRV用电池的应用情况进行概述, 对其应用现状、关键技术、研究基础等进行分析, 并对DSRV用电池技术的未来发展趋势进行展望, 以期为今后DSRV用电池的研制提供借鉴。Abstract: Submarines have extremely strong operational capability and deterrence and play an irreplaceable role in war, which have been highly valued by all countries. However, the operational characteristics of submarines also reflect that once an accident occurs, rescue will be difficult. Among various types of rescue equipment, deep submergence rescue vehicle (DSRV) have the advantages of flexible operation and a large number of rescuers, which is an efficient rescue technology. Therefore, the navies of various countries have developed multiple types of DSRVs for submarine crash rescue. DSRVs mainly rely on the battery to provide energy under water. Therefore, the performance of the battery also determines that of the DSRV to a certain extent. This paper mainly reviewed the application status of batteries for various types of DSRVs worldwide, analyzed the current application status, key technologies, and research foundations of battery technology for DSRVs, and predicted future development trends of battery technology applied for DSRVs, so as to provide a reference for the development of batteries for DSRVs in the future.
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Key words:
- submarine /
- deep submergence rescue vehicle /
- battery
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表 1 全球DSRV用电池概况
Table 1. Overview of battery for global DSRV
年份 国家 名称/型号 深度/m 电池类型 电量/续
航力1970 美国 Mystic、
Avalon1 500 锌银电池 158 kWh 1970 苏联 1837型 500 铅酸电池 148.5 kWh 1975 德国 MERMAID-III 200 铅酸电池 36 kWh 1978 德国 MERMAID-IV 600 铅酸电池 10~12 h 1978 英国 LR5 400 铅酸电池 8 h@2 kn 1978 瑞典 URF 460 铅酸电池 40 h@3 kn 1985 日本 JMSDF DSRV-1 700 锌银电池 — 1987 中国 7103型 360 锌银电池 20 h@2 kn 1995 韩国 LR5K 400 铅酸电池 8 h@2 kn 1999 意大利 SRV 300 300 铅酸电池 10~14 h 2000 日本 JMSDF DSRV-2 700 锌银电池 — 2005 澳大
利亚LR5 400 铅酸电池 8 h@2 kn 2008 北约 NSRS 610 ZEBRA电池 136 kWh 2008 中国 LR7 500 ZEBRA/锂
离子电池102 kWh 2009 韩国 DSAR-5 500 锂离子电池 12 h 2010 新加坡 DSAR-6 500 锂离子电池 12 h 2017 日本 JMSDF DSRV-3 700 钛酸锂电池 — 2017 俄罗斯 18270型 500 铅酸电池 148.5 kWh 2018 印度 DSAR-650L 650 锂离子电池 12 h 2021 韩国 DSAR-500L 500 锂离子电池 12 h 2022 越南 LR11 600 锂离子电池 8 h@1.5 kn 表 2 电池性能对比与分析
Table 2. Comparison and analysis of battery performance
电池类型 比能量/(Wh/kg) 循环寿命 优势 劣势 铅酸电池 40 3年 技术成熟, 性能可靠, 成本低 能量密度较低, 寿命短 锌银电池 80~110 30次/年 能量密度比铅酸高, 大电流放电能力强 成本较高, 寿命短 ZEBRA电池 120 1 000次/5年 能量密度和安全性较高 反应温度达到260~340 ℃, 使用和维护不便 磷酸铁锂电池 140~170 2 000次 能量密度较高, 安全性高, 成本低 能量密度已接近理论上限, 发展潜力低
低温性能一般钛酸锂电池 80~100 20 000次 安全性高, 大电流放电能力强, 循环寿命长 能量密度偏低 三元锂电池 180~280 1 000次 能量密度高 安全性一般 -
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