A Concept of Nuclear Reactor Power for Unmanned Undersea Vehicle
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摘要: 兼具高速和长航程的无人水下航行器可以拓展许多新的作战模式, 动力系统是其瓶颈之一, 而核动力是解决这一问题的有效途径。核反应堆电源系统小型化是技术难点。文中在结合了水冷热中子反应堆和温差发电技术的基础上, 简化系统架构, 优化设备布置方案, 提出了一种外径小于 533 mm, 长度不超过 3 m、重量不超过 750 kg、具备输出 100 kW 电功率能力的核反应堆电源概念方案, 有望使核动力无人水下航行器具备由通用海军舰艇携带, 并从 533 mm 鱼雷发射管投放的能力, 增大了任务灵活性。通过采用低燃料装量的反应堆构型、尽量使用成熟技术等手段, 核动力系统的成本可显著降低, 具备批量生产的潜力。在对核物理、热工、流体及力学等关键参数估算后, 初步证明了该方案的可行性。Abstract: High-speed long-range unmanned undersea vehicles can expand various new combat modes. However, the power system is one of its bottlenecks. Nuclear power is an effective solution to address this problem. The miniaturization of the nuclear reactor power system is technically difficult. In this study, we simplified the system architecture, optimized the equipment layout scheme, and proposed a conceptual scheme of a nuclear reactor power system with an outer diameter of less than 533 mm, a length of no more than 3 m, a weight of no more than 750 kg, and the ability to output 100 kW of electric power based on the combination of a water-cooled thermal neutron reactor and thermoelectric power generation technology. Therefore, it is expected to enable the nuclear-powered unmanned undersea vehicle to be carried by a universal warship and launched from the 533 mm torpedo tube, increasing the mission flexibility. The cost of the nuclear power system can be significantly reduced and has the potential for mass production by adopting a reactor configuration with low fuel loading and using mature technology as much as possible. After estimating the key parameters of nuclear physics, thermal engineering, fluids, and mechanics, the feasibility of the scheme is preliminarily proved.
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Key words:
- unmanned undersea vehicle /
- nuclear power /
- nuclear reactor
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表 1 全系统质量统计
Table 1. Quality statistics of overall system
名称 数量 总质量/kg 备注 核反应堆 1个 140 不含整流壳体 压力管和联箱 1套 117 冷却水 — 49 发电器件 5 031个 237 冷却海水系统 1个 50 不含海水 屏蔽体 — 0 不需要附加屏蔽 控制鼓驱动机构 3套 15 水泵 3个 21 体积补偿器 12个 44 电控模块 1套 20 其他 — 50 作为裕量 总计 743 -
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