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面向观测网络供电的水下能量捕获技术研究进展

张宇 王昊 相城 徐敏义

张宇, 王昊, 相城, 等. 面向观测网络供电的水下能量捕获技术研究进展[J]. 水下无人系统学报, 2023, 31(1): 86-107 doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2022-0088
引用本文: 张宇, 王昊, 相城, 等. 面向观测网络供电的水下能量捕获技术研究进展[J]. 水下无人系统学报, 2023, 31(1): 86-107 doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2022-0088
ZHANG Yu, WANG Hao, XIANG Cheng, XU Min-yi. Recent Progress on Underwater Energy Harvesting Technology for Powering Observation Networks[J]. Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems, 2023, 31(1): 86-107. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2022-0088
Citation: ZHANG Yu, WANG Hao, XIANG Cheng, XU Min-yi. Recent Progress on Underwater Energy Harvesting Technology for Powering Observation Networks[J]. Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems, 2023, 31(1): 86-107. doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2022-0088

面向观测网络供电的水下能量捕获技术研究进展

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2022-0088
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51979045, 52101382)
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    徐敏义(1984-), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为海洋微纳能源与自驱动系统

  • 中图分类号: U667.3; TJ630.32

Recent Progress on Underwater Energy Harvesting Technology for Powering Observation Networks

  • 摘要: 水下立体观测网络通过实时获取水下环境、水下目标和水下活动等相关信息, 为国家海洋安全、深海能源与资源开发、海洋灾害预警预报等提供重要支撑。然而, 传统基于蓄电池供电的能量供给方式越来越难以满足水下观测网络长时间持续可靠工作需求。为提升水下观测网络的续航能力, 基于水下能量捕获的原位供电技术受到国内外广泛关注。海流能、波浪能具有分布广、持续性强、能量密度高等优势, 因此文中重点关注面向水下立体观测网络供能的海流能与波浪能捕获装置研究进展。根据能量转换方式的不同, 梳理了基于电磁发电、压电、摩擦纳米发电和混合式发电的水下能量捕获技术代表性工作, 对比总结了不同发电形式的优缺点。进一步展望了水下能量捕获技术发展趋势, 为水下观测网络实现原位供能提供了思路。

     

  • 图  1  水下观测网络

    Figure  1.  Underwater observation network

    图  2  部分水下装置能耗图

    Figure  2.  Energy consumption diagram of some underwater devices

    图  3  水下能量分布区域

    Figure  3.  The distribution of underwater energy

    图  4  不同海流流速所对应的能量密度

    Figure  4.  Power densities of different ocean current velocities

    图  5  水下能量利用方式

    Figure  5.  Methods of underwater energy utilization

    图  6  电磁发电机工作原理

    Figure  6.  Working principle of electromagnetic generators

    图  7  往复式电磁能量捕获装置

    Figure  7.  Reciprocating electromagnetic energy harvesting devices

    图  8  阵列化点吸收式波浪能捕获装置

    Figure  8.  Arrayed point wave energy harvesting devices

    图  9  低流速海流能发电装置

    Figure  9.  Low flow rate ocean current energy power generation device

    图  10  旋转式电磁俘能装置

    Figure  10.  Rotary electromagnetic energy harvesting device

    图  11  压电材料发电方式

    Figure  11.  Principle of the power generation of piezoelectric material

    图  12  “卡门涡街”效应

    Figure  12.  The Carmen vortex effect

    图  13  柔性压电薄膜在涡流应力场中的形变

    Figure  13.  Deformation of flexible piezoelectric films in vortex fields

    图  14  柔性压电装置

    Figure  14.  Flexible piezoelectric devices

    图  15  弹性悬臂梁压电能量捕获装置

    Figure  15.  Elastic cantilever piezoelectric devices

    图  16  TENG基本工作形式

    Figure  16.  Basic working modes of TENG

    图  17  水下柔性旗子与柔性海草TENG

    Figure  17.  UF-TENG and SW-TENG

    图  18  P-TENG“蜂箱”结构、工作原理及电能输出

    Figure  18.  The beehive structure, working principle and electric energy output of P-TENG

    图  19  独立层模式水下摩擦纳米发电装置

    Figure  19.  Underwater triboelectric nanogenerator

    图  20  仿生鱼型TENG与仿蝴蝶翅膀型TENG

    Figure  20.  FE-TENG and BBW-TENG

    图  21  混合型能量收集装置

    Figure  21.  Hybrid energy harvesting devices

    图  22  3种水下能量捕获装置工作原理与优缺点分析

    Figure  22.  Analysis of the working principles and advantages and disadvantages of three underwater energy harvesting devices

    图  23  水下能量捕获装置优缺点比对

    Figure  23.  Comparison diagram of characteristics of underwater energy harvesting devices

    图  24  我国沿海海域流速分布

    Figure  24.  Velocity distribution of current in Chinese coastal sea

    图  25  我国沿海海域有效波高

    Figure  25.  Significant height of wave in Chinese coastal sea

    图  26  水下TENG网络

    Figure  26.  The underwater TENG network

    表  1  水下能量捕获装置参数列表

    Table  1.   Parameter list of underwater energy harvesting devices

    装置类型发电形式主要材料构成能量来源电能输出
    Faria研发的双线圈能量捕获装置[22] 电磁发电机 永磁铁、线圈 海流能、波浪能 海浪频率为0.4 Hz时发电功率达7.73 mW
    深海微流发电机[43] 电磁发电机 永磁铁、叶片 海流能 海流流速为1 m/s时功率可达200 W
    低流速海流能发电装置[44] 电磁发电机 海流能 额定流速为1 m/s时额定功率500 W
    Cario设计的海流能捕获装置[48] 电磁发电机 永磁铁、叶片 海流能 海流流速为1 kn时输出功率为4 W
    仿生鳗鱼压电装置[39] 压电发电机 PVDF 海流能 在1 m/s的海流下可产生1 W功率
    Mutsuda所研发的FPED装置[63] 压电发电机 PVDF 波浪能、海流能 功率密度可达0.7 mW/m2
    VIPEC[64] 压电发电机 海流能 最大输出电压达2.3 mV, 最大功率密度0.035 μW/m3
    直立悬臂梁结构压电能量捕获装置[66] 压电发电机 波浪能 最高功率达55 W
    UF-TENG[76] 摩擦纳米发电机 FEP薄膜、PTFE薄膜等 海流能 流速在0.133 m/s下功率达10 μW
    SW-TENG[30] 摩擦纳米发电机 FEP薄膜、PTFE薄膜等 波浪能 波浪频率1 Hz时功率达64.4 μW
    BBW-TENG[81] 摩擦纳米发电机 PTFE球、铜电极等 波浪能 1.25 Hz的波浪频率下功率达1 160 μW
    WPHG混合型能量捕获装置[89] 电磁发电机、摩擦纳米发电机 永磁铁、FEP膜、铜电极等 海流能 在1 600 r/min的转速下, 功率达11.5 mW
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-12-07
  • 修回日期:  2023-02-01
  • 录用日期:  2023-02-07
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-02-15

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