Superdirective Beamforming Method for Cylindrical Arrays Based on Eigenbeam Decomposition and Synthesis
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摘要: 为了将较小尺寸兼顾较高空间指向性的传感器阵列应用于空间受限的水下无人系统等平台上, 文中采用超指向性波束形成方法以提高小尺寸传感器阵列的空间指向性和阵增益, 从而改善阵列的目标探测性能。首先介绍了基于特征波束分解与综合(EBDS)的圆环阵超指向性波束形成方法, 然后提出了圆柱阵在任意俯仰角方向分两级子阵波束形成的数学模型, 并推导了各向同性空间均匀噪声场中的圆柱阵噪声互谱矩阵。圆柱阵波束图和阵增益的仿真结果表明, 文中提出的方法在低频段的指向性和阵增益远高于常规波束形成方法, 其拓展了EBDS方法的适用范围, 增强了圆柱阵的探测性能, 为小尺寸阵列进一步应用到低频水下无人系统探测中提供参考。Abstract: To apply the small-aperture sensor array with relatively high spatial directivity to the space-limited unmanned undersea systems or other platforms, the superdirective beamforming method is used to improve the spatial directivity and array gains of the sensor array, and the target detection performance of the array is improved. First, a superdirective beamforming method based on eigenbeam decomposition and synthesis(EBDS) for circular arrays is introduced; then, a superdirective beamforming model for cylindrical arrays is proposed by using two-level subarrays at arbitrary pitch direction, and the noise cross-spectral matrix with circulant property in the isotropic noise field is derived. Simulation results of beampatterns and array gains show that the proposed superdirective beamforming method has many advantages over the conventional beamforming method in the directivity and the array gain at low frequency, which extends the application scope of cylindrical arrays with the EBDS and enhances the detection ability of cylindrical arrays. This study may provide a reference for application of small-aperture sensor array to detection of unmanned undersea systems at low frequency.
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