圆环形声学传感器阵列超指向性理论及方法

汪 勇; 杨益新; 马远良

doi:10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2017.04.001

圆环形声学传感器阵列超指向性理论及方法

doi: 10.11993/j.issn.2096-3920.2017.04.001

西北工业大学航海学院, 陕西西安, 710072

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(11604259, 11527809)和中国博士后科学基金(2016M592782)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
汪勇(1987-), 男, 博士, 主要研究方向为水声信号处理.

中图分类号: TJ630; TB566; U674.941
计量
- 文章访问数: 1558
- HTML全文浏览量: 1
- PDF下载量: 1094
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-09-20
- 修回日期: 2017-10-16
- 刊出日期: 2017-10-31

Discussion about the Superdirective Beamforming Theory and Methods of Circular Acoustic Sensor Arrays

School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi′an 710072, China

摘要

摘要: 为解决水下无人系统等空间受限平台上传感器阵列尺寸与空间指向性的矛盾, 人们提出了超指向性波束形成方法, 可显著提高尺寸有限传感器阵列的指向性。文章首先对超指向性的研究背景和历史进行综述, 指出其面临的问题及解决的基本途径, 并从原理上将该方法分为最大阵增益和波束图综合两大类。然后,针对常用的圆环形声学传感器阵列的超指向性理论和方法进行了详细介绍。在最大阵增益和波束图综合2种分类的前提下, 从不同的角度, 将圆环阵超指向性方法具体分为相位模态域、差分处理、特征波束分解与综合以及基于特征分解的波束图综合等4种方法, 并详细分析了这几种方法的原理、优缺点、适用范围及相互之间的联系, 给出了部分实验结果, 以期对圆环形声学传感器阵列超指向性理论有一个全面的梳理, 为研究和应用其超指向性方法提供参考。
- 水下无人系统 /
- 超指向性 /
- 声学传感器 /
- 圆环阵
Abstract: To solve the contradiction between size and spatial directivity of sensor array due to space limitation of the carrier, such as unmanned undersea system, the supedirective beamforming methods were proposed to provide high directivity for a size-limited sensor array. This paper introduces the research background and history of superdirectivity, and presents the confronted problems and corresponding countermeasures. These superdirective beamforming methods can be classified into two main types, i.e., gain-maximation and beam pattern synthesis. Then, the common supedirective beamforming methods specially for circular acoustic sensor arrays are discussed in detail, and based on the above two main types, they are further categorized into the phase-mode method, the difference-based method, the eigen-beam decomposition and synthesis method, and the eigen-decomposition-based beam pattern synthesis method. The corresponding basic principles, merits and demerits, application ranges, relationship between each other and some related experimental results of these superdirective beamforming methods are analyzed to give a comprehensive presentation of the superdirective beamforming methods for circular acoustic sensor arrays, and to provide guidelines for related research and application.
- unmanned undersea system /
- superdirectivity /
- acoustic sensor /
- circular array

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