Formation Method of Planar Shock Waves in Underwater Explosions Using Small Charges inside a Tube and Its Applications
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摘要: 水下爆炸过程中存在冲击波、气泡、冲击波绕射等多种效应的耦合, 给水下爆炸毁伤机理的研究带来了一定难度。为了对上述多种效应进行解耦, 文中提出一种管内小药量水下爆炸平面冲击波形成方法, 采用数值仿真和理论分析对管内水下爆炸平面冲击波的衰减规律进行了研究。研究结果表明: 在管道端部放置装药配合端面起爆, 可在管内形成指数衰减形式的平面冲击波; 理论模型与数值计算结果吻合较好, 可给出冲击波超压峰值随距离的衰减关系, 以及不同时刻冲击波的阵面位置。最后给出了该试验方法在水下爆炸加载典型结构件毁伤效应和流固耦合作用机理研究的应用场景。研究成果可为水下爆炸毁伤评估提供参考。Abstract: Shock waves, bubbles, and diffraction effects during underwater explosions, as well as the coupling of these effects, make the investigation of underwater explosion damage complicated. In this paper, an experimental method for forming planar shock waves underwater using small charges inside a tube is presented to decouple these effects. Numerical simulations and theoretical models are used to explore the attenuation rules of planar shock waves in a tube. It is determined that planar shock waves with exponential attenuation forms can be generated by placing the charge at one end of the tube to achieve end-plane detonation. Theoretical results combined with overpressure peak versus distance curves and shock wave location versus time curves coincide well with simulation results. Applications of the proposed experimental method include the analysis of damage effects on typical structures and exploration of fluid-solid coupling mechanisms. The presented results also provide guidance for the damage evaluation of underwater explosions.
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Key words:
- underwater explosion /
- planer shock wave /
- impact loading /
- fluid-solid coupling
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图 2 非药式水下爆炸冲击加载装置示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of non-explosive underwater shock loading device
图 4 典型时刻压力计算云图(H0=5 mm, 装药在管内)
Figure 4. Computational contour of pressure at typical times with explosives inside the tube(H0=5 mm)
图 5 典型时刻压力计算云图(H0=5 mm装药在管外)
Figure 5. Computational contour of pressure at typical times with explosives outside the tube(H0=5 mm)
图 6 典型测点位置超压时间历程曲线(H0=5 mm, 装药在管内)
Figure 6. Time-history curves of overpressure at typical locations with explosives inside the tube(H0=5 mm)
图 7 典型测点位置超压时间历程曲线(H0=5 mm 装药在管外)
Figure 7. Time-history curves of overpressure at typical locations with explosives outside the tube(H0=5 mm)
图 8 不同无量纲比值H/H0超压峰值数值与理论对比曲线(装药在管内)
Figure 8. Curves of numerical and theoretical overpressure at different values of H/H0 with explosives inside the tube
图 9 不同无量纲比值H/H0超压峰值数值与理论对比曲线(装药在管外)
Figure 9. Curves of numerical and theoretical overpressure at different values of H/H0 with explosives outside the tube
图 10 冲击波阵面位置随时间变化关系数值与理论对比曲线(装药在管内)
Figure 10. Curves of numerical and theoretical locations of shock waves at different time with explosives inside the tube
图 11 冲击波阵面位置随时间变化关系数值与理论对比曲线(装药在管外)
Figure 11. Curves between numerical and theoretical locations of shock waves at different time with explosives outside the tube
图 12 单点中心起爆冲击波传播云图
Figure 12. Computational contours of shock waves at different times using single point initiation
图 13 多点起爆冲击波传播云图
Figure 13. Computational contours of shock waves at different times using multi-point initiation
图 14 典型复合材料构件加载示意图
Figure 14. Schematic diagram of loading typical composite components
图 15 冲击波与典型结构件耦合作用机理试验示意图
Figure 15. Schematic diagram of shock waves coupling with typical structures
图 16 冲击波与结构物相互作用示意图
Figure 16. Schematic diagram of shock waves interacting with structures
表 1 水的材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters of water
参数名称 参数数值 参数名称 参数数值 A1/GPa 2.200 B1 0.28 A2/GPa 9.540 T1/GPa 2.200 A3/GPa 14.570 T2/GPa 0.000 B0 0.28 ρ0/(g·cm−3) 1.00 
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表 2 TNT炸药的材料参数
Table 2. Material parameters of TNT
参数名称 参数数值 参数名称 参数数值 A/GPa 371.200 w 0.30 B/GPa 3.231 pCJ/GPa 21.000 R1 4.15 DCJ/(m·s−1) 6 930 R2 0.95 ρe/(g·cm−3) 1.63
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