Countermeasure and Counter-Countermeasure Between Surface Ship and Wake Homing Torpedo
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摘要: 综合阐述了水面舰艇对抗尾流自导鱼雷的措施及尾流自导鱼雷的对策,详述了水面舰艇对抗尾流自导鱼雷的2种措施:尾流特征抑制和制造假尾流。尾流特征抑制包括尾流气泡合并法和尾流能量吸收法。在气泡合并法中应将换能器(或基阵)拖放到舰船螺旋桨尾流初始扩展结束、舰艏尾流和湍流边界层尾流的汇合处。能量吸收法吸收螺旋桨尾流中的机械能。 这2种方法降低了尾流中微气泡数量,现有尾流自导鱼雷很难与之对抗。鉴于尾流自导鱼雷应能识别真假尾流,考虑真假尾流中气泡群运动特性的差异,建议用估计尾流回波瞬时频率均值的方法鉴别真假尾流,可在现有尾流自导系统中增加尾流识别电子部件,并补充修改工作程序和弹道程序,提出对抗假尾流的2个弹道设计原则。Abstract: The countermeasures of surface ship is based on ship wake signature suppression or making false wakes. Ship wake signature suppression includes wake bubble coalescing and wake energy absorbing. For producing a good degree of bubble coalescence, ultrasonic transducer (or array) must be towed to the join region of the bow wake, the turbulent boundary layer wake, and the initial spreading end of the propeller wake. Wake energy absorber mounted on the ship aft of the propulsor weakens the wake and renders the wake less pronounced acoustically. These two methods reduce the quantity of microbubbles in the wakes, so current wake-homing torpedoes are not able to counter these measures. Nevertheless, the wake homing torpedoes can be able to recognize actual wakes and false wakes. By estimating the average values of instantaneous frequencies of wake echoes, the actual wake of a ship and the false wake of a decoy can be identified based on the difference between motion properties of real wake bubbles and false wake bubbles. Two principles of trajectory design for anti-false wake are suggested.
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