Review of Attached Acoustic Behavior Recorders for Cetaceans
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摘要: 经过数千万年的进化, 鲸豚动物依靠发达的声呐系统在水下实现捕猎、探测、通信、定位与导航等行为。为探索鲸豚动物声呐机理, 需要深入挖掘鲸豚发声行为。近年来, 自容式的声学行为记录器已成为重要的观测途径。自容式声学记录器可附着于鲸豚动物, 长期获取各类声学信号, 利用多源传感器从多个角度观测动物行为状态与环境信息。文章介绍了鲸豚动物吸附式声学行为记录器的系统设计思路, 描述了获取数据的后置处理方法, 并进一步梳理国内外研制的发展脉络, 展望了声学行为记录器在发声特性研究、生物学、生态学等多领域的应用前景, 并对下一步技术突破重点提供参考。Abstract: After tens of millions of years of evolution, cetaceans have relied on advanced sonar systems for hunting, detection, communication, positioning, and underwater navigation. To explore the biological sonar mechanisms of cetaceans, investigate their vocal behavior is essential. A self-contained acoustic behavior recorder is an important observation tool. It incorporates multisource sensors to acquire acoustic signals, animal behavioral status, and environmental information. This study introduces the systematic design of an attached acoustic behavior recorder for cetaceans, describes the post-processing method for data, and further sorts out the development context of research and development, ecology, and other fields of application prospects, as well as the key prospects for future technological breakthroughs.
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Key words:
- cetacean /
- acoustic behavior recorder /
- multi-source sensor
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图 1 吸附式声学行为记录器整体设计
Figure 1. Overall design of the attached acoustic behavior recorder
图 2 工作中的鲸豚动物吸附式声学行为记录器
Figure 2. Working attached acoustic behavior recorder for cetaceans
图 4 国外典型声学行为记录器流体力学特性分析
Figure 4. Hydrodynamic characteristics analysis of typical acoustic behavior recorders from abroad
图 10 使用惯性导航算法根据传感器数据重构的伪航迹示意图
Figure 10. Schematic of a pseudo-track reconstructed from sensor data using inertial navigation algorithms
图 14 ORI400-D3GT通过浮包附加到1条日本鲈鱼
Figure 14. A floating package including D3GT attached to a Japanese sea bass
图 18 吸附在幼年绿海龟上的 ROTAG及其细节
Figure 18. ROTAG attached on a juvenile green sea turtle and its details
图 19 哈尔滨工程大学TAG方案建模与流体力学仿真
Figure 19. HEU TAG scheme modelling and hydrodynamic simulation
表 1 各类记录器传感器配置一览表
Table 1. List of sensor configurations for each type of recorder
名称 压力
传感器加速度计(A) 磁力计(M) GPS 速度传
感器(S)陀螺仪 其他配置 采样率 数据格式 元数据 其他问题 OpenTag 有 有 有 部分 无 有 无 A, M, G: 最高100 Hz binary 部分 过多文件种类需要
读取Little Leonardo 有 有 有 无 有 无 摄像机 A: 16 Hz
M, P, S: 1 HzCSV 部分 各个传感器通道存储
在不同CSV文件中Wildlife Computers TDR10DD 有 有 有 无 无 无 光源传感器 A, M: 16 Hz
P, S: 1 HzCSV 部分 CSV文件过大 Acousonde 有 有 有 无 无 有 声学传感器 A: 400 Hz
M, P: 20 Hzbinary 全部 文件种类过多 DTAG 有 有 有 部分 无 有 声学传感器 A: 250 Hz
M, P: 50 HzWAV XML格式 文件种类过多,
格式复杂CATS 有 有 有 部分 无 有 声学传感器 A: 400 Hz
M, P, G: 50 HzCSV 部分 CSV文件过大 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 DTAG主要外部器件及说明
Table 2. DTAG main external parts and descriptions
部件 作用 水听器 声学信号采集 无线电天线 发射信号用于寻找回收记录器 4个硅胶吸盘 将记录器固定于鲸豚动物 聚氨酯材料外壳 上表面涂有高能见度橡胶涂层, 两侧贴有反光条, 以提高可见度和进行热量管理 镍铬丝释放机构 记录器解挂与脱离 LED指示灯 设备工作状态指示 USB接口 记录器与外部设备通信
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 SPOT系列部分产品
Table 4. Part of the SPOT series
目标 型号及照片 鲸类 
SPOT-177S SPOT-177R SPOT-365 
SPOT-399 SPOT-303 SPOT-372 鲨鱼 
SPOT-196 SPOT-253 SPOT-257 
SPOT-258 SPOT-364 企鹅 
SPOT-203 SPOT-275 SPOT-367 硬壳龟 
SPOT-395 SPOT-387 SPOT-375 
SPOT-352 SPOT-287 棱皮龟 
SPOT-310 SPOT-317
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 SPLASH系列部分产品
Table 5. Part of the SPLASH series
目标 型号及照片 鲸类 
SPLASH10-333 SPLASH10-F 
SPLASH10-302 SPLASH10-397
下载: 导出CSV
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